Critical Thinking and Clinical Competency Essay Example

Critical Thinking and Clinical Competency Paper The professional advancement for nurses is a lifelong process that can be achieved through continuous education and efficient clinical development. The primary objective of nurses’ professional development is to sustain clinical competency to enhance patients’ care outcomes. The nurses’ responsibility is to maintain professional standards and knowledge to be able to implement highest levels of medical services to patients and members of the community. To provide an efficient and safe patient care nurses must implement in daily practice respectively developed critical thinking competencies. The purpose of this paper is to inform readers on how the critical thinking is used in clinical practice, how to employ critical thinking strategies to improve clinical competence, and connections between critical thinking, scholarship, and practice. The nursing leaders task is to determine the individual competencies that primary care nursing staff must advance to improve comprehensive critical thinking. Berkow, Virkstis, and Steward (2011) proposed that the â€Å"conducting an assessment of frontline nurse critical thinking is a necessary, yet frequently overlooked first step in improving this essential component of nurse performance.† To provide nurses with better understanding of concepts of critical thinking, the initial step is to identify individual strengths and weaknesses therefore to enforce necessary evaluation and implementation. The critical thinking proficiency might be mastered at any time of nurses’ professional career. The Critical Thinking Diagnostic (CTD) is a persuasive instrument used in evaluating core critical thinking competencies along nursing staff. It was developed by Nursing Executive Center in 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking and Clinical Competency specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking and Clinical Competency specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking and Clinical Competency specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Higher growth Essays

Higher growth Essays Higher growth Essay Higher growth Essay To achieve higher growth through utilizing and enhancing my skills and experience for long term with esteemed organization like yours to become complete professional. I have good experience in IT Infrastructure at NOC have implemented and managed secured networks. Troubleshooting, Strong planning, Analytical and Problem solving skills and ability to get on well with people including cross-cultural backgrounds. EXPERIENCE SUMMARY + year experience in IT that includes Network Design, Implementation support, Network Management System. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Hands on experience in deploying routing protocols like RIP, OSPF EIGRP. Familiar with Layer 3 CISCO catalyst 4507R, 3750G series And Layer 2 CISCO catalyst SG-300, 2950, 2960-S series. Configuration and Maintenance of Navlin-Lookout Firewall CISCO PIX 525 with ACLs, NAT PAT. Terrfic exposure in TFTP backup of IOS, Switch configutation and upgradation. Deploying Dax LAN Extender install/configuration of LAN on Naval ships from jetty. Chicking Bandwidth consumption on MAN LAN Links.Implementation of VLAN, VTP and STP based on changing environment. Firewall port opening as per the official request by Port query. Responsible for the proactively monitoring and maintaining complete network. Designing topologies by Distribution Access Switches with MAN web services. Responsible for maximum up-time, Generating reports on health status of the network and Prioritize work orders. Handling all customer related issue like AD Users queries, Network SLA Reports and ability to provide solutions to various network related requirements. Jan 2013 PROJECT #1 : NETWORK MIGRATION Roles: ? ? ? ? ? Implementation of Static routing for MAN connectivity and routing protocols over the different networks. Configuration of L3, L2 Distribution Access switches on various locations. Changing the classes of IP address with respect to subnetting. Implementation of Inter VLAN, VTP modes, telnet and Port Security. Configuration and Maintenance of Navlin-Lookout Firewall. Implementation of Antivirus server on the new network range. PROJECT #2 : IT – COMPLAINT MANAGEMENT TOOL July 2013 Roles: ? ? ? ? ? Implementation of Web based software tool in Network, developed using Asp. net for Front end.Providing access to specific range of IP for Admin Users in the network. User profile, Material log, Client machine and Network complaint Management for overall Network. Database maintained by SQL Server 2008 R2. Deployment of IIS Server 7. 5 on server machine. Since : July 2013 Role: Network Engineer DIGITECH ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS IT – Network System Management Team. Client : Indian Naval Base, Karwar, Karnataka 581308 Working in Digitech Electronic systems as Network Engineer – IT Network Management Team. Handling LAN MAN networks to ensure its availability. Observes and identifies the status and performance of the Naval base Networks.Notifies and coordinates technical related problems and resolutions. Providing 247 support for installation, configuration and troubleshooting Layer 2 Layer 3 Switches on the basis of changing infrastructure environment. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Provide operational support for naval base network platforms contributing to deliver Data, IP, System and Application Services to customers with full security. Configuration of Static routing routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, EIGRP Checking flow opening/routing configuration effectiveness and correct network configuration when relevant.Establish End-to-End connectivity hand over the Network to the customers with respect to security requirements through Firewall. Creating Maintenance of Domain, Active Directory, GPO for End users. Monitoring suspicious activities on the networks connectivity requests log reports. Troubleshooting Networking issues with ping, tracert, telnet, switching routing. Customer Support – Investigating, diagnosing and resolve all network related problems. EMPOWERING SWARM TECHNOLOGIES Pvt Ltd IT – Network System Management. March 2012 – June 2013 Role: Network Support EngineerClient : Indian Naval Base, Karwar, Karnataka 581308 Worked in Empowering as Network Support Engineer – Network Management Services. ? ? ? ? ? Activity directory GPO management for 200+ Client machines. Implementation and maintenance of CAN, FTP services in the Network. Maintaining Troubleshooting 200+ AD users problems on Windows (XP, 7) client machines BOSS Linux machines. Configuration Maintenance of L2 switches in the network. Implementation Troubleshooting of Network/Shared Printers and Hardware problems on different client machines. TECHNICAL CERTIFICATIONS ? ? ?CCNA Certified, Trained as Network Engineer in Networker’s Home, Bangeluru. Trained as a RF Engineer successfully done SCRFE (SimTech Certified Radio Frequency Engineer) in SimTech, Bangeluru, during 18. 07. 2011 to 18. 10. 2011. Inplant Training on Hardware Assembly, Soldering, Testing in Spark Technologies Coimbatore, during 2010. EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION ? ? ? BE–ECE with (7. 44/10. 00) from Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, under Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore in 2011. Schooling H. S. C with (62%) from Adarsh Vidhyalaya Higher Secondary School, Erode in 2007. S.S. L. C with (80%) from SBK Higher Secondary School, Aruppokottai in 2005. TECHNICAL SKILLS ? ? Operating Systems CISCO Catalysts : Windows server 2008, Win XP, 7 / Linux : 4507R, 3750G, 2960, 2950, SG-300, CISCO Secure PIX 525 series ? ? ? ? Software Network Protocols Hardware Network Protocols Routing Protocols Languages : TCP/IP, UDP, DNS, VLAN, STP, VTP : Ethernet 10/100Mb/1Gb OFC : RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, CDP : C, HTML, SQL database ACHIEVEMENTS ? ? ? ? ? ? Rewarded as Active Performance for Web-based network Project by Lieutenant Commander in Indian Naval Base, IT-department during August 2013.Event Organizer in Technical Symposium, won award for Scary House Maze on September 2010. Active member of IEEE and Office Bearer of IEEE Students Chapter 61631 for the year 2009 2010. MEMBER NO: 90484049. Active NSS Volunteer and participated in camping programme on the theme of Healthy Youth for Healthy India from 23. 01. 2009 to 29. 01. 2009. Secured Second prize in intra college Drawing competition on Jan 2010. Secured First prize in Stall Designing contest held at Bannari Amman Institute of Technology on 8th August 2009. PERSONAL INFORMATION ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Date of Birth Primary E-Mail ID Alternate E-Mail ID Current CTC Expected CTC Notice Period Linguistic Abilities Current Location Passport : : : : : : : : : 19 July 1990 [emailprotected] com prakaash. [emailprotected] com 1. 56 LPA As per the company standard 20 Days English, Tamil, Hindi Karwar, Karnataka (Ready to relocate) Yes The above mentioned details are true to the best of my knowledge and I am responsible in case of any discrepancy. Thanks for your co-operation and understanding. DATE : PLACE : (PRAKAASH. T)

Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operations Management - Assignment Example Their competitive edge also transcends to other areas including quality employee training and management. This study intends to analyze the operations management and strategic planning that are fundamental to McDonald’s success. It also identifies various stages of operations management and strategic planning process. 1.1. Explain the importance of Operations management to the success of a business, using McDonalds as an example. Operation management is the one of the core functions of every business organization. It help to increase value of the products and efficient transformation of services. Operation management in McDonald's enables their overall success. The organizations, thus, attains and sustain efficiency in customer service, relies on JIT system. The do not begin to cook their orders until a consumer places the order. Due to sophisticated  technology used in the making of a burger, McDonald’s is capable to serve its customer without much wastage of time ot her placing on order. Thus, by aligning their operations through efficient operational management strategies the company currently sustains a large market store in the F&B industry globally. Globalization and the consequent liberalization of polices have also enable them to expand their operation bases across the world, including Asian countries and Middle East. 1.2. Explain the need for an MsDonalds to produce goods/services to time, cost and quality/specification and with reference to legal requirements. Need for a McDonalds to produce goods/services to time, cost and quality/specification and with reference to legal requirements is that higher quality, lower cost and quality specification products help to provide the customers with fresh food items and also to attract more customers. Besides, the trendy outlook and hygienic setting also have helped in making them a favorite among all segments of the population across the world. JIT technique eliminates delivery delays while savin g the customer with fresh food strait from the order. This higher quality consumer service remains one of their major strengths. Through the efficient coordinating of order delivery and operation management, they are capable of reducing cost. Lower Costs or holding expenses for burger is a main reason for retention and expansion of customer base. Frozen ground beef  that's good nowadays might not be so superior and good in a few months. 1.3. Explain the link between operations management and strategic planning with specific reference to McDonalds. Every organization has objectives and goals and operation management also encompasses short term plans to accomplish these goals and objectives. Operation Management Plans are crucial to accomplish strategic aims by tactical implementation. These tactical plans of the business establishment are for routine issues and are extremely frequent e.g. for the manufacture operation management is quantity of output produced in particular time and machinery and HR requirement. The manger of the McDonald’s gather information by talking to their consumers and offer best services. It is the best way to solve consumer problems and develop a high level of satisfaction of consumers. This encourages workers and managers of McDonald to be responsive and communicative with regulars. McDonald’s maintains balance among the consumer satisfaction and operations in restaurant. â€Å"From the statement of McDonald’s operations strategy, it is clear that both consistency and high product

Food Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Food Safety - Essay Example Interestingly, it has been proved that lysozyme action against thermophilic bacterial strains (all tabulated strains are noticeably thermophilic and inclusive) is available within a range of C (Hughey and Johnson, 1987). This is especially true for thermophilic spore-formers and it is reported that the enzyme can be used post-thermal sterilisation to enhance shelf longevity (Hughey and Johnson, 1987). It has also been proved that pathogenic bacteria can be inhibited in food by a combination of hydrostatic pressure and heat at lower temperatures than heat alone (Alpas, H., et al, 1999;). It is noted here that many foodborne pathogenic bacteria that are both gram-negative and positive have an enzyme DegP protease (C Hal, J., et al, 2001) that ensures their thermal stability. Targeting this enzyme or the gene that initiates it by either thermal or any other process would much increase death rates in these bacteria easily. It is also necessary to effectively assess the time required to i nitiate or complete phases other than the death phase to do this (McMeekin, T.A., et al, 1997). It is also noted at first that some of the literature is dated but care has been taken to incorporate only information that is still germane and effective today. In this some original research papers that are still quoted today as legitimate sources have been utilised. The paper finds, primarily, that foods that cannot be heated should be stored at such low temperatures that both psychrophilic and thermophilic bacteria cannot regenerate. Foods that can be heated should be heated to such a temperature that at least all possible vegetative cells of possible pathogenic bacteria be killed and should either be eaten immediately or stored at cold temperatures such that spores, if present, cannot regenerate upon longer periods of storage.Introduction A U.S. Department of Agriculture report - the Agricultural Economic Report No. 741, 1996 - reported that microbial pathogens in food cause 6.5-33 million cases of human illnesses and 9,000 deaths in America. The report, though slightly backdated, is utilised here because it is one of a kind and one as comprehensive as it is not available for more recent times. It estimates that over 40 such foodbourne microbial agents - viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites - are responsible for these illnesses. The medical and productivity costs of both acute short-term and chronic long-term illness conditions are considerable. For just six bacterial pathogens, the costs are $9.3-$12.9 billion annually of which $2.9-$6.7 billion annually is attributed to foodbourne bacteria (Report No. 741, 1996). Though the figures are of 1996 recent literature on the subject concede that the problem remains extensive enough and provides impetus to the purpose of this paper. Nature of Bacteria To better understand how bacterial growth is influenced by the combination of temperature and food composition it is somewhat

European Convention on Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

European Convention on Human Rights - Essay Example The convention enumerated the Human Rights under Section I as article 2. Right to life; Article 3 Prohibition of torture ; Prohibition of slavery and forced labor; Article 5 Right to liberty and security; Article 6 Right to a fair trial; Article 7 No punishment without law; Article 8 Right to respect for private and family life; Article 9 Freedom of thought, conscience and religion; Article 10 Freedom of expression; Article 11 Freedom of assembly and association; Article 12 Right to marry; Article 14 Prohibition of discrimination; Article 15 Derogation in time of emergency; Article 16 Restrictions on political activity of aliens; Article 17 Prohibition of abuse of rights; Article 18 Limitation on use of restrictions on rights Section III and article 19 of the convention provides for establishment European Commission of Human Rights also known as Commission and European Court of Human Rights, which are the watch dogs protecting these rights. Committee of Ministers executes orders of the court. The court not only adjudicates the issues but also renders advisory opinions. Any dispute with regard to the violation these rights are first to be dealt by the local judicial/quasi judicial agencies. After the exhausting those remedies they are referred to the Commission through Secretary-General of the Council of Europe. The commission when receives any complaint/petition investigate the matter and endeavor for amicable settlement. If the commission not able to dispose of the case it will refer to Committee of Ministers who will peruse the case and refer to the European Court of Human Rights if it is fit case to be decided by the court. The convention empowers the court to make the rules and regulations for its day-to-day functioning. The court functions as per the rules and regulation so framed. After adjudication the case will be sends to Committee of Ministers for execution of its adjudicated orders. The judgment of the court is final. The courts entertain petitions/complaints only from the commission or High Contracting Parties. The jurisdiction is exte nded to all cases with regard to interpretation and application of the convention, excluding the question relating to scope or contents of freedoms and rights defined in Section I. Such cases are to be referred by either the commission or High Contracting Parties, the court do not have suo moto jurisdiction. Due to subtle and creative interpretation of the European Court of Human Rights the European Convention of Human Rights is steadily evolving since its inception. And the court is continuously succeeding in preserving the value of the Convention (ECHR) as living instrument. The success of the Convention is judged on the basis of 1. Quality of judgment of the court. 2.the time taken to dispose off the cases and 3.effective execution of the judgments. Every year the number of cases are increasing at galloping rate. In spite of such increase the Court efficiently disposed off the cases at a quicker rate. Out of those judgments there are many important judgments, which brought drastic changes in the judiciary of the many European countries. The court has become a guiding light in protecting the Human Rights. The Court become instrumental in getting the law of the European countries on mainstream of the Convention law in protecting and maintaining the human rights. There are many citable

Knife Gun And Gang Crime In East London Criminology Essay

Knife Gun And Gang Crime In East London Criminology Essay In this Project I will be writing about crime in East London. The main reason I chose to do Crime was because crime has been a key factor in how it has affected many people across the world. The types of crime I will talk about are Knife, Gun, and Gang. East London is located in London and an easier way to find it is by any post code as anything beginning with E is part of East London. In general East London is a very multi-cultural society with many sets of group living there and in it you can find something from all parts of the world but recently, over the past 3 years has been hit by a number of crime related incidents which have affected many people in the area from the young to the old. I will now write about crimes which occurred over the past 20 years and give examples of some I will also define the meaning of each crime and also the word crime, so that people know what they mean. The word Crime can simply mean an action that breaks the law but different people have different opinions of what they think of the word crime: The three main types of crime I will talk about are knife, Gun and Gang. Knife crime can be any crime that involves a knife. This could include many aspects such as: carrying or trying to buy a knife if youre under 18, threatening people with a knife, carrying a knife that is banned. Knife Crime in the Past 20 years wasnt such a major problem because knives were not easy to get hold of and the main purpose of having a knife was for home purposes such as cooking etc. The most common knife crime was committed in the very early 70s by a person who was known as Jack the ripper, who killed more than 5 people by raping his victims and slicing their throats with a knife and hiding his victims under the floor boards in plastic bags. Gun Crime can be anything that involves a gun for example a murder where the victim is shot, any situation where a gun is fired, intimidating people with a weapon, carrying a gun that is banned, such as a handgun, carrying or using an imitation gun such as a plastic or toy gun. In the 17th century a series of gun related crimes were committed in the East London by the person called Thomas Hopkins, in which he kidnapped people who had caused him grief and trouble in his childhood and took them to his house where he put them through pain and eventually killed them by shooting them through the brain blowing their heads off. He had 3 victims killed before soon realising that no one could help with his illness and he shot himself to death on the 4th of March 1799. Gang crime could be a gang in a large group of people who maynt be involved in crime and violence. Many young people will not realise they are in a gang, they will just think they are in a group of friends. Being in a gang is not illegal only the criminal offences committed within the gang is illegal. The most commonly known gang crimes were committed in east London by two people who were also bothers named the Kray twins, (Ronnie and Reggie). They worked together to commit a number of violent assaults, arson, armed robberies and other organised crimes. They were known as the East End gangsters and the Godfathers of Britain. Both sets of bothers were sentenced to imprisonment once found guilty by the police. Since then they both have died. In this section of my project I will talk about the crime in East London in the recent years. It is quite obvious that crime compared to the past 20 years has increased and below I will talk about why it has increased and give some examples of people who have been affected by the type of crimes. Figures and research show that crime has increased by 25% in the East London with Knife and Gang crime being the highest of number of Crimes committed. Knife Crime in East London has recently increased from the past. This is down to an increase of Gangs and easier ways to get in possession of a knife. An example of knife crime in East London was On Sunday 7th October; a boy was stabbed to death when he tried to stop a gang stealing a friends mobile phone in West Ham Park. It was due to him protecting his friends and was innocently stabbed and died on the scene. The reason why people especially young people may carry knives around is due to the number of Knife crime happening in the area, and in order for them to feel safe and secure they carry a knife around with them or if they are part of a gang it could have been pressured on them to carry one or as the rest of the gang may have one, then the young person has to have one to feel as if they are part of it and not left out, and in case anyone tries to stab them or attack them with a knife they have something to use against the attacker. Gun Crime is a lot fewer then Knife crime. A boy from London has made British criminal history by becoming the youngest person to be convicted for possessing a firearm. The boy, aged 13 at the time and cant be named for legal reason, said he was storing a Russian-made pistol, two silencers and ammunition in his mothers home as a favour for an older gang member. Many people will not carry a gun on them, but may be in possession of one or may know somewhere where one is easy to get hold of. Gun Crime is not so common is East London as it has been harder to get hold of guns and find them. The largest number of gangs in East London are said to be in Hackney, (22 gangs); Enfield in north London (13); Lambeth and Merton in south London (12 gangs each); Waltham Forest(8) in north east London. Gangs are found to have around 20 to 30 members and to commit crimes in smaller groups of three to six, as being in a large group could get people suspicious. Religion was also found to be a key factor, with some gangs solely being just Muslims or Catholics members and there is rather few gangs with a mixture of race and religion in them as people feel a mixture of people in a gang cant be trusted. A former gang leader said some young people became gang members in order to feel protected. They feel safe in a gang because you have got older people in the gang who are always going to look after them; they feel like we are their olders almost like brothers and family member. You are always moving as a pack. Its as you fight in a war people out there in the world are out to come after us and take us down we have to keep on the move. It is very common that if you find a large gang that someone normally the higher rate leader will be in possession of a gun for safety purposes or to use in case of a gang feuds. There is one other Main issue why gang crime has increased and has been created in East London and this is down to which postcode they live in. Teenagers marked as E5 or E9 were at risk of being attacked for straying into the wrong area. Simply crossing to the other side of a street which borders two postcodes could end in violence. An Example of these post-code gangs is that one teenage girl has been a victim of two attacks due to the area she comes from and the area she went into. The Most common way of people asking where the people are from by asking What Ends are you from? giving a wrong answer at this point could have you attacked or mugged. The reason why this happens is that Gangs feel like their area is their territory and that no one should cross, especially people from opposite postcode. This Type of gang crime has become so bad people dont feel safe walking through some areas and have to find alternative routes to get home etc. Unfortunately some people are unaware that they may be in a gang, a large group of friends could be hanging out together, something which may be normal to them, but people may feel that they are in a gang as people walking past may feel intimidated by the size and feel unsafe. So it shows you that you dont need to be committing crimes in a gang to be classified as being in a g ang. All crimes are related to each other in some shape or form. Due to the increase of Knife Crime and overall crime more and more people are joining gangs to feel safe and have people protecting them. These gangs cause crime and will carry some sort of weapon with them normally a knife and maybe a gun. So all these types of crime are linked within each other. Many things have been done to reduce crime in East London. A new law was created by the government that police have the right to stop and search anyone they think might be in possession of a weapon or look suspicious. Many people have their own point of view on this topic. Some people think that it is inappropriate as police says its a random stop and search. While they could be searching someone by random who is innocence someone else carrying a knife would not being searched as and walking about with a Knife. I personally have been stopped and searched and think its a time consuming process and waste both mines and police time as I know that Im not carrying a weapon and the police time as they not find nothing on me. Tougher sentence have been put in place for people who carry a knife or stab or kill someone using a weapon, as more people would know that they cant get away. There is more surveillance put in place as more police officers have been put on patrol on the streets to hel p reduce the crimes and make the public feel safer. Also another new law that has been created by the government is the rise in the age of people who can buy a knife as now people have to be over 18 to be able to purchase a knife from a shop. This law allows young people from being able to stop them from buying a knife and going out and using it. Even ASBOs (anti social behaviour order) have been given to some gangs and gangs members to try to make them stop hanging around in large groups and causing trouble but some people think that ASBOS are a tag of pride and use it to show people that they have it and show off about it thinking it is a good thing and its not working for the police. Thats why many more police officers are patrolling the streets of East London to stop large groups hanging around and try to get them to move away from residential areas. The reason why crime occurs in east London I think is due to poverty as people dont have money so they go out and commit crimes to ensure that they get money and the things they need. So doing these crimes would make them money or stealing from people by using a knife to threaten them to hand over their items. So I think money and greed are the biggest motivation why so many people go out there and commit crimes. Poor upbringing is another reason why people who have failed in life or no longer attend school or college for reasons like being excluded from it are more likely to go out and commit crimes. Has they dont have anything to do and they know that they dont have a good future ahead and some believe that prison life is much easier than the real world. Also some people think that crime is the easier option to take in life as its easy money to get hold of. The way crime has increased over the time has affected the world, as East London is such a multi-cultural area; many people want to come over to East London from all parts of the world. The people have heard about the crimes that have occurred in east London, which may make them feel unsafe as they would be new to the country, and make them reconsider about coming over in case they get caught up in any of the crime. The reason why crime has stayed on the increased and not gone down since the past is down to not harsh enough punishment given to the people who get caught. So if someone was caught committing a crime and faced a punishment they would know that they wont get away and make them re-think about not going out and committing the crimes as they would know that the punishment would be a substantial one. I think that the crimes that are occurring in east London are unnecessary and only just giving a bad name to East London and I think that East London will not be the same for a very long time as crimes if nothing is done to make them stop. All these crimes are affecting peoples live; people who live here are worried over their safety and outsiders who want to come over for a holiday or to live and will think twice. I think that the only way crime can be stopped is by getting the police to do more. Crime in East London hasnt really affected me in a way that much. The only way it has affected me is that all crimes that happen get blamed on the young people and I am one of the young people so even people who arent committing the crimes get given a bad name.

Opposition to State-Mandated Premarital HIV Screening Essays -- AIDS

Opposition to State-Mandated Premarital HIV Screening When screening for HIV became possible in mid-1985, debates began concerning the role of such screening in controlling the spread of AIDS. One such debate concerned state-mandated premarital HIV screening. This policy was proposed to the CDC conference in February of 1987, but never received much widespread support, because it satisfied neither the proponents of public health nor the proponents of civil liberties (Reamer 37). This essay will show that the state is unjustified in enacting such policy and hopefully also shed some light on why such policy received so little support. In a liberal society such as the United States that values both civil liberties and public health, it is often unclear which policies best address the threat posed by the AIDS epidemic. It is clear that on the one hand, the United States is committed to respect the privacy and personal autonomy of its citizens. Though not expressly written in the constitution, the right to privacy is implicit in the right to deny illegal search and seizure of home and explicit in the recent laws that protect the privacy of internet and credit card users. On the other hand, the United States is also committed to "promote the general welfare", meaning it has a moral obligation to promote public health. Traditionally, in the struggle between civil liberties and public health, the United States has given precedent to civil liberties but yielded to departures when it was proven that doing so was justifiable by the resulting benefits to public health. AIDS, however, challenges the balance between civil lib erties and public health like no other previous epidemic, due to the strong threat it poses to public health and ... ...avior, they could probably have been identified through programs aimed at groups with a higher prevalence of seropositives. Hence, the last two conditions of our ethical framework are also not met. Using an ethical framework borrowed from Childress, it is clear that a state committed to upholding the civil liberties of its citizens as well as promoting public health is unjustified in mandating premarital HIV screening. Such screening infringes on civil liberties and does not promote public health in an efficient way. The state is obligated to seek other policies by which to promote public health, such as voluntary testing and educational programming for married couples, which do not violate civil liberties and which more efficiently target those who are seropositive. Works Cited Reamer, Frederic G. AIDS & Ethics. Columbia University Press: New York, 1991.

Occupational Safety and Heath Administration Essay

OSHA stands for the Occupational Safety and Heath Administration, which is a US agency for the Department of Labor. OSHA’s priority is the safety of workers and health protection. OSHA was created and passed by Congress in 1970. Until 1970, there were no US laws protecting employee’s safety and health in the work force and this is why OSHA came to be. There are workers who do not qualify for protection by OSHA; public employees, mine workers, truck and transportation workers, atomic energy employees, immediate members of farming families who do not employ outside employees, and the self employed. Some employees are covered by other plans and federal agencies. OSHA’s mission is to provide job training programs that increase employees knowledge about safety and health in the work place, developing job safety and health standards by enforcing them through inspections and maintaining records system of keeping track of accidents and illnesses on the job. About 5500 pe ople die each year from work related injuries. Over 4 million non-fatal injuries and illnesses are reported each year. OSHA is important for US organizations and for their continuous compliance with the agency. How do organizations keep up with OSHA’s regulations? There are plenty of options available and some that may cost hundreds of dollars to the organizations and there are some that can be absolutely free. OSHA updater services will cost the organization money but are the better choice for staying on top of OSHA’s changes to their regulations. The free OSHA updaters will require using online resources. Tips for making sure an organization stays up to date following OSHA’s guidelines would be; make sure to hold regular safety meetings with an up to date safety log. This is brownie points as well in case of a visit from OSHA to the organization occur. Different occupations require different levels of safety training. Hazardous occupations require more in depth and frequent trainings. Not properly training employees to OSHA standards can cost an organization some hefty fines. O SHA and safety training classes are generally available at job search/training centers and community colleges and many companies now require their employees to take these classes if not provided directly on  the job site during the initial hire in process. Resources: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Occupational Safety & Health, Introduction to OSHA, INSTRUCTOR GUIDE, April 2011 https://www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/intro_osha/intro_to_osha_guide.html#topic_1 B&T Concrete, CONCRETE COATINGS, Blog, How to Stay Informed with OSHA Regulations, Blog by Teribery, M. http://btcoatingservices.com/how-to-stay-informed-with-osha-regulations/

Solution Assignment 3 Essay

Solution Assignment 3 Essay Solution Assignment 3 Essay Solutions to Assignment 3 1. a. using excel Stock A Stock B i. alpha -.609 2.964 ii. beta 1.183 1.021 iii. standard deviation of Residuals 4.676 4.983 iv. correlation with Market .757 .684 v. Average of the Market = 3.005 vi. Variance of the Market = 20.908 vii. First, we need Rf from SML 2.964 = RF + 1.183 [ 3.005 – RF] ïÆ'ž solving for RF = 3.352 Therefore for next year E(R A) = 3.352 + 1.183 (5 – 3.352) = 5.3 b . (i ) From single‑index model use: Rj = ÃŽ ±i - ÃŽ ²i Rm RA = ‑.609 + 1.183(3.005) = 2.946 RB = 6.032 RC = 3. 556 From the single‑index model the variance is: ÏÆ'2 i = ÃŽ ²i 2 ÏÆ'2 m + ÏÆ'ei2 ÏÆ'2 A = (1.183)2(20.908) + (4.677)2 = 51.14 ÏÆ'2 B = 46.62 ÏÆ'2 C = 265. 0 *The answers should be identical whichever way means and variances are computed. Any slight differences are due to rounding errors in the calculations. (ii) RA = 2.946 ÏÆ'2 A = 51.15 RB = 6.031 ÏÆ'2 B = 46.61 RC = 3. 554 ÏÆ'2 C = 265.0 c. (i ) Under the single‑index model covariance: cov(i j) = ÃŽ ²i ÃŽ ²j ÏÆ'm2 CovAB = (1.183)(1.021)(20.908) = 25.254 CovAC = 57.433 CovBC = 49.568 (ii) From the historic data itself: cov(i j) = ÃŽ £ (1/T-1)(Ri ‑ Ri)(Rj ‑ Rj) CovAB = 18.462 CovAC = 61.618 CovBC = 54.085 The calculations of covariances are different because the single‑index model computes covariances as if the correlation between residuals from the equation Ri = ÃŽ ±i + ÃŽ ²i Rm + ei are zero [cov(ei ej) = 0]. While computing covariance from historic data is equivalent to incorporating the historic level of cov(ei ej) into the measurement of covariance. d. For a portfolio made up of one‑half stocks A and B: (i) Expected return and standard deviation under the single‑index model: Rp = 1/2(2.946) + 1/2(6.032) = ÏÆ'p = [(1/2)2(51.14) + (1/2)2(46.62) + 2(1/3)2(25.25)+2(1/3)2(57.43) = (ii) Expected return and standard deviation using historical data: Rp = 1/2(2.946) + 1/2(6.031) = ÏÆ'p = [(1/2)2(51.15) + (1/2)2(46.61) + +2(1/3)2(18.46) = 2. a)We know by the CAPM:.18 = .04 + (.11 - .06) ï  ¢j which gives ï  ¢j = 2 The CAPM assumes that the market is in equilibrium and that investors hold efficient portfolios, i.e., that all portfolios lie on the security market line. b) Let â€Å"y† be the percent invested in the risk-free asset. Portfolio return is the point on the market line where 18% = y (4%) + (1 - y) (11%) and y = -1. Therefore, (1-y) = 2, i.e., the individual should put 200% of his portfolio into the market portfolio. 3. Assuming that the company pays no dividends, the one period expected rate of return, E(Rj) = [E(P1) - P0 ] / P0 where E(P1) = $179. Using the CAPM, we have E(Rj) = Rf + [E(Rm) - Rf] ï  ¢j = [E(P1) - P0 ] / P0 Substituting in the appropriate numbers and solving for P0, we have .08 + [.18 - .08]2.0 = [$100 - P0]/ P0 and solving for P0 = $154.3 4. Using the definition of the correlation coefficient, we have .8 = and cov (K, M) = .8(.25) (.2) = .04 Using the definition of Beta, we can calculate the systematic risk of MF: ï  ¢k = .04/(.2)2 = 1.0 The systematic risk of a portfolio is a weighted average of asset’s ï  ¢Ã¢â‚¬Ëœs. If â€Å"y† is the percent of MF, ï  ¢P = (1 - y) ï  ¢F+ y ï  ¢K or .8 = (1 - y ) 0 + y 1.0 or y =80% In this case the investor would invest an amount equal to 80 percent of his wealth in MF in order to obtain a portfolio with a ï  ¢ of .8 5. a) Using E(RP) = Rf + [E(Rm) - Rf] ï  ¢P to solve for ï  ¢P=2.2 b)We know that efficient portfolios have no unsystematic risk. The total risk is ï  ³2P= ï  ¢2P ï  ³2m + ï  ³2ï  ¥ and since the unsystematic risk of an efficient portfolio, ï  ³2ï  ¥ is zero, ï  ³P = ï  ¢P ï  ³m = 2.2 (.18) = .396 or 39.6% c)The definition of correlation is CorrJ m = cov (RJ,Rm) ï  ³J ï  ³m To find cov(Rj,Rm), use the definition of ï  ¢j = cov(Rj,Rm) ï  ³2 m Solving, we get Corr J m = 1.0, which indicates that the efficient portfolios are perfectly correlated with the market (and with each other). 6. We know from the CAPM : .13 = .04 + (.08)ï  ¢ J , solving which gives ï  ¢J= .1.125 If the rate of return covariance with the market

How to Get Rid of Christmas Tree Insects

How to Get Rid of Christmas Tree Insects Theres nothing like the smell of an evergreen tree to get you in the holiday spirit. But when you bring a live or cut Christmas tree indoors, some of the insects that have called your Christmas tree home might be joining you for the holiday season. Heres what you need to know about Christmas tree insects. Holiday Bugs Pose a Very Small Risk   You really dont need to worry about bringing any dangerous or destructive pests inside with your Christmas tree. Your home isnt an appropriate habitat for insects that inhabit coniferous forests, and they arent going to move in for good. Lacking food and adequate humidity to survive, most Christmas tree insects die soon after moving indoors. Just keep an eye out - if you find insects, they wont bite or sting and wont travel far from the tree. Insects that Live in Christmas Trees Coniferous trees attract a variety of small insects that may be visible only in large numbers. Aphids are common pests of evergreen trees, and the warm conditions of your home may cause overwintering aphid eggs to hatch. Some conifers host adelgids, which produce cottony secretions over their bodies. Mites and scale insects also inhabit Christmas trees. Larger Christmas tree insects include bark beetles and praying mantids. Adult mantids will be long gone from the cold temperatures, but mantid egg cases can hatch when introduced to the warmth of your home. If that happens, youll have hundreds of tiny mantids wandering in search of food. Christmas trees often harbor spiders, too. Check for Insects Outside Harmless or not, you probably dont want to spend the holiday season with bugs crawling around among the presents or flying into your windows trying to escape. You can minimize the chance of Christmas tree insects wandering around your living room, though, before you get it inside. When choosing a tree, inspect it carefully. Look for signs of aphids or other small insects. Theyll likely appear as little brown or red dots. Adelgids resemble a dusting of snow. And dont forget to examine the undersides of branches. Check each branch for egg cases, which could contain praying mantises. Prune out any you find because your warm home will feel like spring and induce eggs to hatch. Brown cocoons may harbor sawflies. Look at the trunk, too - small holes with sawdust trails are a sign of bark beetles. Reject any tree that seems heavily infested with pests. Before bringing the Christmas tree in the house, shake it vigorously to dislodge insects and spiders. Remove any bird nests, as these can contain mites. If you want to be sure that you found all the bugs, putting the tree in a five-gallon bucket of water in the garage for a few days can serve your peace of mind. If you do want to go after bugs found on the tree, dust it with diatomaceous earth, which dries out any bugs it comes into contact with. Wear eye and face protection when applying, as its actually pulverized rock that you dont want in your eyes or lungs. Shake the tree to remove excess before bringing it inside. Christmas Tree Insects Indoors Whatever you do, do not spray aerosol pesticides on your Christmas tree, as these products are flammable! Insects require humidity to live, and most will desiccate and die within a matter of days. Additionally, they will be unable to survive without food. It is much safer, and better for your health, to simply vacuum up any dead insects you find.

Health promotion in physical activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health promotion in physical activity - Essay Example This essay "Health promotion in physical activity" outlines how the modern lifestyle affects the level of obesity and the significance of the physical activity for the good health. The World Health Organization in 2004 implemented the WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health (DPAS) which calls on member states, the private sector and public sector to implement policies that help in reducing and preventing chronic disease. The European Charter on Countering Obesity was also formed by WHO member states in the region on 16 November, 2006. However, even with the combined efforts of states in Europe, obesity is still on a continuous rise with alarming predictions of its prevalence in the future. Policies implemented to curb the pandemic need to focus on making the healthy choices easy, natural and desirable to the target groups. Four main sectors are tasked with the responsibility of incorporating physical activity in the lives of the citizens as much as possible. They are health, transport, urban planning and environment and occupation sectors.The health sector can start by promoting and engaging in inter-sectorial work at all levels, ensuring that health practitioners are motivated to promote physical activity to the public and also to lead by example. The transport sector needs to address the safety needs of cyclists and pedestrians, link with the health sector to harmonize their policies and to communicate the benefits of physically active transport as compared to using cars.

Experience of an International Student Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experience of an International Student - Essay Example Older people are notably more well respected that the younger ones. Contradicting the opinions of older people is considered as a taboo in my native country. In other words, if your ideas tend to undermine the ideas of the person who is older than you are, you better keep your ideas to yourself if you don't want to offend the sensibilities of the older person. While growing up in Asian household, I deal with adult members of the family most of the time. My close associate with adults led me to become more humble and modest as our culture demands for it. Because of the strong influence of my elders in shaping my character, I tend to behave just as modestly as I would around older people when I am with my peers. Unfortunately, my modesty often leads my peers to underestimate me. This situation is really frustrating for me. While in America, I try to see things more differently. I want to broaden my horizon and embrace the freedom of expression. I am confident that having a broader pers pective of things will open up wider latitude for me to realize my dreams. Yes, I lot of people from my native land may not really understand my need to be free from the bounds of culture and practices but I feel that being able to express my true self is very important. I believe that creativity is one of the best ways to express ones uniqueness. Creativity has always fascinated me as one of the most important human characteristics. Unfortunately, I think creativity is at odds with modesty.